Business Plan Teng Long Barbecue Restaurant free essay sample

Slogan: BBQ in Happy Life Mission: Let the people enjoy the BBQ and have a break in the shopping hour. Vision: This shop in the Wanda Plaza is the first shop in my company, and in the future I will put my idea to more shopping center or plaza, etc. Barbecue Market: Business industry and outlook: Our companys barbecue and those in the high streets and back lanes is different. Existing market: In our investigation found that: regardless of any high streets and back lanes will have 1-2 different barbecue shop, and now the barbecue market gradually saturated. Identify target market: One part is the customers who go shopping or take activities in plaza. The target clients: Because our barbecue shop opened in Wanda Square, so our target groups mostly in Wanda Square inside the crowds. Share of the market you currently or anticipate: In barbecue industry, using its unique advantages of the products and advanced marketing mode has become Chinese barbecue industry leader, strive to build Chinas first brand barbecue. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan: Teng Long Barbecue Restaurant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Products: Chicken Wing Skewer| Beef | Mutton Skewer| Saury| Scallop| Oyster| Mushroom Skewer| Eggplant Skewer| Photo Skewer| Organization and Management: Edward (one of the investor) will adjunct the shop manager and employ 2 chefs to cook the barbecue, 8 waiters and waitress to service the customer, and 2 cashiers. Marketing and Sales Strategy: 1. Distributed leaflets at the bus station and subway station to promote the activity† buy two and give one more†. 2. In the front of the shop to set up a billboard to let know the information of the shop and leaflets distributed at the gate of the plaza 3. Provide the free try for low piece product, it will leave a good impression for people, which play a role of propaganda, play an indirect role of sales promotion. Financial Management: We provide three of sheets include: Estimate of start-up costs, Balance Sheet and Income Statement. 2. Business Description and Vision Company Name: Teng Long Barbecue Company Logo: Company Overview: Teng Long Barbecue Restaurant is a new style restaurant. Locate in Wanda Plaza, Bao shan District, Shanghai. There are 12 employees and 3 investors to operate the restaurant. We focus on barbecue food, and use our heart to service every client that hope use our create spirit and warm heart to make best barbecue and services to every client. Company Goal and Objective: Short-term: become the best barbecue restaurant in Wanda Plaza. Medium-term: Use 3 years to open 2 or 3 branches in other big plaza in Shanghai. Long-term: to be a famous barbecue brand in Shanghai, and open more than 30 branches in every big plaza in Shanghai. Slogan: BBQ in Happy Life Mission: Let the people enjoy the BBQ and have a break in the shopping hour. Vision: This shop in the Wanda Plaza is the first shop in my company, and in the future I will put my idea to more shopping center or plaza. These locations are all have a huge visitors flow, and comparing with other snack, we have the price advantage. Besides plaza, school will be another place to choose in the future, but the strategy will be different. 3. Definition of the Market Business industry and outlook Barbecue as a kind of food which the majority of the urban youth in favor. Our companys barbecue and those in the high streets and back lanes is different, we have a good market, because our corporation barbecue shop built in Wanda Square, where a large flow of people, can help our company sales. Moreover, in Wanda Square without a barbecue shop, so we have advantage. In this way, our barbecue shop can lead to another climax of Wanda plaza. Existing market In our investigation found that: regardless of any high streets and back lanes will have 1-2 different barbecue shop, and now the barbecue market gradually saturated. However, our barbecue shop in Wanda Square is the dominant. Because that without a grill to lower prices in a famous market, our company would break the limitation of barbecue shop. Therefore, our companys barbecue shop will attract a lot of different stages of the crowd, let them enjoy the time in the mall. Identify target market One part is the customers who go shopping or take activities in plaza. We provide the food for them to have a break. Another part is the white collars who work around the plaza, they may have dinner or lunch in the restaurant area then would be our audiences. The target clients Because our barbecue shop opened in Wanda Square, so our target groups mostly in Wanda Square inside the crowds. For example: in Wanda Square shopping person or in Wanda Square of the work of the staff, they are all our barbecue shop target customers. There is a hidden customer, for example: some old customers will give them a friend recommendation or with their friends and family to eat, then in a mutually tell, these are our potential customers. Share of the market you currently or anticipate In recent years, Chinas catering industry sustainable development, turnover and employment increase; food enterprises in China to pay more attention to market demand, leading role. In the catering industry, momentum of the most robust is the focus on the use of chain operation and franchise mode expansion barbecue industry. In barbecue industry, using its unique advantages of the products and advanced marketing mode has become Chinese barbecue industry leader, strive to build Chinas first brand barbecue. Our company’s short-term expectation that can make our barbecue shop brand well, let more people understand our barbecue. 4. Description of Product and Service Product: We will provide 10 kinds of barbecue product to the customer. The product includes: Chicken Wing Skewer| Beef | Mutton Skewer| Saury| Scallop| Oyster| Mushroom Skewer| Eggplant Skewer| Photo Skewer| Cooking method: Rotisserie cooking, or spit roasting, is one of the most popular ways to cook meat on a barbecue grill. As the rotisserie constantly turns the meat, the food self bastes in its own juices, rendering meats exceptionally tender and moist. Whole birds and fish, beef, lamb, veal and pork roasts, as well as ribs, are all excellent candidates for spit roasting. Its almost as easy as placing the meat on the spit rod, turning on the motor and sitting back to relax. To be successful however, there are a few rules that must be followed. They are simple, yet will ensure the success of your spit-roasted meal. Planning is crucial allow plenty of time for preparation. Remember: Patience is the most important ingredient. You will need to set up the rotisserie and the barbecue, prepare the meat for cooking and allow for inevitable last minute adjustments. The barbecue should be adjusted for indirect cooking so that the flame is not directly under the food as it rotates on the spit. The cooking grills must be removed and the lava rock moved aside so a drip pan can be placed on the rock grate directly beneath where the meat will sit on the spit. The drip pan should have about an inch of liquid in it. Marinades, vinegar, juice, beer, wine or just plain water can be used in the drip pan, depending on your preference for flavor. The liquid will steam up into the food adding both moisture and flavor to the meat. Run through your set-up with the barbecue off. Do not skewer the meat and place on a lit grill until you are certain that everything is set properly. All fine-tuning should be done with the barbecue off. With the barbecue off, measure the meat over the drip pan. The pan will prevent flare-ups, so make sure the meat is not too large for the drip pan you are planning to use. If it is, use either a larger or an additional drip pan. Services: We will provide the barbecue food in our restaurant. Also, we will provide the perfect service to every customer. When the customer comes to our restaurant, we will do that following: 1. Receiving When the customer comes to our restaurant, our waitress will say: welcome to our restaurant and led the customer to the table with smile and politeness. Then, the waitress will give the customer a cup of water and menu, and waiting to the order. 2. Order The customer can order the food, if he/she order beef, he/she can require mature to a few of the beef. All the barbecue food can order different sauces according to their taste. 3. Checkout If the customer finished his/her dinner, he/she can call the waiter or waitress to help them checkout. Cash or Credit Card is available. 4. Others In our restaurant, if the customer has any question, he/she can ask any employees, every one glad to service to the customer. When the customer checkout, our waiter or waitress will give he/she a card, he/she can give us some advices or complaint that write in the card. We will consider their advices or complaint and change the bad things next time. Product Appendix: Chicken Wing Skewer| | Beef | | Mutton Skewer| | Saury| | Scallop| | oyster| | Mushroom| | Eggplant| | Potato| | 5. Organization and Management Organization Chart: I and my partners (Jerry and Riva) will be the boss of the restaurant. I will adjunct the shop manager to in charge the shop and employees. At the same time, we will employ 2 chefs to cook the barbecue, 8 waiters and waitress to service the customer, and 2 cashiers. The shop manager will make a timetable for the employees to manage their time. Legal Structure: We will find a food raw material supplier to supply us food raw material to produce barbecue food. And Beverage supplier is also necessary for us. Two of them will be our close partners. Special licenses: Create a new business in China should apply some licenses before open. These licenses will apply from government department. We should prepare following at first: 1. Shop Location. The place must be commercial use location. 2. Owner’s Identification Card. All of our Identification Cards. 3. Health Certificate. All of employees Health Certificate. 4. Building Structure Photograph. The building structure photograph of the shop. 5. Application Report. The report includes the name of the shop, business scope and total investment. When above things prepared, we can begin to apply according following steps, and it must be doing that step by step: 1. Approve the name. Go to Industry and Commerce Bureau. 2. Apply Environment Certificate. Go to Environmental Protection Agency. 3. Apply Health License. Go to Health Bureau. 4. Apply Business License. Go to Industry and Commerce Bureau. 5. Make Stamp. Go to Public Security Bureau. 6. Apply Organization Code Certificate. Go to Bureau of Quality Supervision. 7. Apply Tax Registration Certificate. Go Tax Bureau. 8. Open an Account. It must in local bank. When our finish all of step, the barbecue shop can open. Key Manager: I will be the key manager in the shop. Even though I don’t have more experiences, but I am a business administration student, I think I can do well in this job within my major knowledge and the heart.

Quotes About the Myth of Reverse Racism

Quotes About the Myth of Reverse Racism In the 21st century, many white Americans feel that they suffer more race-based discrimination than their fellow Americans of minority backgrounds. A 2011 study by researchers at Tufts University’s School of Arts and Sciences and Harvard Business School found that whites believe that anti-white bias, or â€Å"reverse racism,† is at an all-time high. But is this perception accurate? Sociologists and social activists are among those who argue that reverse discrimination is actually not on the rise because it’s more of a myth than a reality. They say that while some people of color may be prejudiced against whites, they don’t have the institutional power to discriminate against whites in the systemic manner that whites have historically discriminated against racial minorities. Quotes about reverse racism from prominent social progressives explain why it’s far from widespread and why complaints about such discrimination are reactionary. They say that those who complain about reverse discrimination fear losing racial privilege as society moves to level the playing field. People of Color Lack the Institutional Power to Discriminate Against Whites In his essay â€Å"A Look at the Myth of Reverse Racism,† anti-racist activist Tim Wise discusses why he thinks U.S. society has been organized in such a way that people of color can’t oppress whites in the same way that whites have historically oppressed minorities. â€Å"When a group of people has little or no power over you institutionally, they don’t get to define the terms of your existence, they can’t limit your opportunities, and you needn’t worry much about the use of a slur to describe you and yours, since, in all likelihood, the slur is as far as it’s going to go,† Wise writes. â€Å"What are they going to do next: deny you a bank loan? Yeah, right. †¦ Power is like body armor. And while not all white folks have the same degree of power, there is a very real extent to which all of us have more than we need visvis people of color: at least when it comes to racial position, privilege and perceptions.† Wise elaborates on his argument by discussing how even poor whites have advantages over middle-class blacks. For example, poor whites are more likely to be employed and own property than blacks are largely because they don’t experience racism in the workplace and they’ve inherited property from family members. Blacks, on the other hand, have long faced barriers to employment and homeownership that continue to affect their communities today. â€Å"None of this is to say that poor whites aren’t being screwed†¦by an economic system that relies on their immiseration: they are,† Wise asserts. â€Å"But they nonetheless retain a certain ‘one-up’ on equally poor or even somewhat better off people of color thanks to racism. It is that one-up that renders the potency of certain prejudices less threatening than others.† Minorities Can Be Prejudiced, But Can They Be Racist? Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva labels the concept of reverse racism â€Å"nonsensical.† The author of Racism Without Racists remarked in a 2010 interview with website The Grio: â€Å"When whites talk about reverse discrimination, I feel that they are making a silly argument because what they really want to say is that we, people of color, have the power to do to them what they have done to us from the 13th century.† Bonilla-Silva says that some people of color are prejudiced against whites but points out that they lack the power to discriminate against whites on a massive scale. â€Å"We do not control the economy. We do not control politics - despite the election of Obama. We don’t control much of this country.† The Idea That Minorities of Influence Seek Revenge Against Whites Is Fiction Washington Post  columnist Eugene Robinson says that political conservatives make claims of reverse discrimination to advance the idea that people of color in influential positions are out to get whites. He wrote in a  2010 column  on the issue: â€Å"A cynical right-wing propaganda machine is peddling the poisonous fiction that when African Americans or other minorities reach positions of power, they seek some kind of revenge against whites.† Robinson asserts that not only isn’t this idea false but also that prominent conservatives are playing it up to win over white voters. He doubts that most conservatives actually believe that vengeful decision makers of color are using their influence to hurt whites. â€Å"Most of them†¦are merely seeking political gain by inviting white voters to question the motives and good faith of the nation’s first African American president. This is really about tearing  Barack Obama  down,† Robinson said. â€Å"These allegations of anti-white racism are being deliberately hyped and exaggerated because they are designed to make whites fearful. It won’t work with most people, of course, but it works with some- enough, perhaps, to help erode Obama’s political standing and damage his party’s prospects at the polls. Reverse Racism Denies the Minority Experience With Discrimination Bill Maher,  comedian  and HBO’s â€Å"Real Time† host, takes issue with reverse racism because it ignores the people of color continue to experience oppression today. Maher particularly objects to conservative Republicans making more of an issue of so-called reverse racism than they do of racism against minorities. In 2011, he  remarked, â€Å"In today’s GOP there is only one correct answer to the discussion about racism. And that is: There is no racism in America anymore.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Except  reverse-racism against whites.† Moreover, Maher points out that Republicans have offered up no solutions to combat reverse racism. He suggests that this is the case because reverse racism isn’t real. Instead, reverse racism functions to deny the racism that people of color in U.S. society have long endured. He explained, â€Å"Denying racism is the new racism. To not acknowledge those statistics, to think of that as a ‘black problem’ and not an American problem. To believe, as a majority of FOX viewers do, that reverse-racism is a bigger problem than racism, that’s racist.†

Drinks Market and Smoking Ban Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drinks Market and Smoking Ban - Case Study Example It also focuses on the impact ban on smokers has on the cider market in UK along with the impact of the reduction of duties on the ciders. The UK retains relatively high levels of alcohol consumption. Historically, the country has been associated with brewing and distilling, the drinking of bitter in pubs and the consumption of whisky, a product historically tied in to Scotland. The trend for young people in their twenties to feel they can get drunk is being followed by teenagers who generally take an inspiration from the older people. (ICAP, 2007) This has resulted in more number of cases on 'binge' drinking - getting drunk more number of times within a very short time. The media suggests that this has been the main reason behind the increase in number of crimes at night. It is worth mentioning that studies show that of the people indulging in crimes at night, 80% of the cases were said to be committed by people between the age group of 20 and 30. When a bartender was asked about the increase in the drinking habits among the youth, he said, "'There's always someone asking for "one more bottle". Also the fact that publ ic transport in many places stops just before midnight, so if they miss the last bus (costing say 1.50), they'll have to get a taxi (costing say 10), so they feel that it is better to spend money on drinks rather than on the expensive taxi." Philip, from Kidderminster, commented "I like drinking beer because there are many different types of traditional British beer to try and also as it is nice to meet up in a pub with friends." These factors, coupled with the lethargic attitude of the government of UK have led to boost of sales of not just Magners, but other brands as well. Coming to the laws laid out by the Government, which say that serving alcohol should be stopped at 11 PM. All these factors have been immensely helping the brands to execute their strategies and tap the markets. In fact, the brands have been focusing on aggressive promotions in places close to various universities, which have been severely criticized by eminent educationists who feel that this could increase the crime rates in the universities. The Government too has come under severe criticism for remaining as a mute spectator to all this. Hence, it can be inevitably said that the above-mentioned factors did go a long way in making the most by the brands, who've always considered youth centric places as demographic markets, which needed to be tapped appropriately. The success of Magners clearly illustrates as to how successful marketing campaigns coupled with aggression can boost the overall performance and growth of a firm. The television advertisements of the brand have been described as the marketing success of the decade and more and more people shower

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - Case - Deductive and Inductive Argumens Coursework

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - Case - Deductive and Inductive Argumens - Coursework Example This is the characteristic of most research activities involving scientific studies. In deductive reasoning, the approach to the conclusion always follows a top to bottom manner (Asheim, 47). This follows that the researcher or investigator always commences with the general hypothesis and narrows down to a specific one in his or her conclusion (Winch, 35). In relation to this, it is of crucial significance to note that the case of Edward depicts a form of deductive reasoning. This follows that Edward first starts by general notion and narrows down to a specific notion in order to substantiate his claims. He points out that all nurses always like to draw blood from the patients. Thus, being one of them, the same applies. This is a form of deductive reasoning. As a response, it is necessary for Edward to understand that making conclusions based on unsupported generalized claims is not appropriate. In this manner, it is important to note that nurses differ in their medical practices as well as decisions. Therefore, the decision taken by one nurse should not necessarily be the one that all nurses must follow. This is important in making Edward understand that there is no solid evidence to justify his claims. Thus, it will be in order for Edward to understand that it is not a must that any nurse must follow or copy what others always do. T his will be important in making Edward refrain from making conclusions following unsubstantiated

Global Operations Management IP II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Operations Management IP II - Essay Example These strategies will enable the company realize better performance and gain competitive advantage in the global market. Introduction A PPQ part is a manufacturing company that deals with the manufacture of Sport Utility Vehicles in the United States with 5000 number of employees and controls 5% of the world market share. The company intends to reorganize its operations beyond the boarders of United States in which the company intends to expand its employee base to 10000. However, the company has experienced high turnover rates of 28% which is above the market average. The company therefore intends to increase its employee retention through reduction of annual turnover from 28% to 17%. PPQ Parts also intends to increase its profit margin from 6% to 13% in 4 years in order to improve its performance in the stock market from the current $10 per share to $22 per share. The company through its corporate values contributes 0.5% of its profits to charity work and would like to raise it to 5% in 4 years time. Strategic Management Plan Employment Rebranding Strategy The ability of PPQ parts to attract and retain customers is one of the big challenges the company faces. Moreover, ability to attract and retain customers in the new global market that the company intends to venture will be even more challenging. According to McLaughlin & Fitzsimmons (1996), attracting and retaining talent is becoming the main competitive differentiator for companies around the world. While PPQ parts intend to cast a wider net across the globe, it will be imperative for the top management of the company to manage its internal HR systems. Employment branding is therefore the best approach that will guarantee long term talent development and retention thus reducing employee turnover (Kuruvilla, 2008). Major Goal: To increase employee retention by lowering annual turnover from 28% to 17% while increasing the number of employees from 5000 to 10000. Objective: Reduce the annual employee turnover from 28% to 17% through implementation of key HR strategies necessary to motivate employees and improve performance. Responsible Parties: PPQ Parts Board, and Senior Management staff Key Strategies: 1. Training and career development by coming up with a career development plan that will include systems for assessing employee performance and recommendation of training needs. 2. Performance Management by developing employee appraisal system that would keep employees focused to organizational direction and ensures employees are involved in the process of decision making with respect to training needs and career development. 3. Developing a HR function through implementing logical connections, that connects the renewal and integration capabilities, practical interventions and dynamic behaviors. 4. Develop HR operational procedures and enhance communication system within the organization. 5. Conduct a survey on the areas of employees’ satisfaction and implement the recommendation s. Expected Outcomes: Increased employee referrals, retention rates improve, enhance employee motivation, develop a stronger corporate culture, reduce corporate negatives, ammunition for employees and managers and gain a competitive advantage Timeline: Implementation of these strategies is expected to take 6 months followed by evaluation process and finally addressing the

Impregnation of Calcium Chloride on Activated Carbon Surface

Impregnation of Calcium Chloride on Activated Carbon Surface This performance of solar refrigerator is based on some key parameters like ammonia carrying capacity, adsorption rate, heat transfer mechanism, stability etc., this paper presents the stepwise detailed preparation of consolidated calcium chloride impregnated on the surface on activated carbon. Ammonia was charged into the tube containing blocks under high pressure of 7 bars was applied during initial charging session and total adsorption was noticed in 25 minutes and the process was repeated. The total amount of ammonia adsorbed was 2.4 kg and was capable of taking more ammonia. Agglomeration effect was totally avoided by the even distribution of calcium chloride on the surface of activated carbon. Carbon was activated at elevated temperature of 700 C for optimum properties. 1. Introduction Solar refrigeration and heat pump are machines that work on wide range of temperature, especially when ammoniates or ammonia derivatives are involved as sorbents then temperature can range from -50oC to 300oC [1]. Furthermore it is environmentally benign and it does not contribute to global warming or ozone layer depletion. They do not usually utilize CFCs or HCFCs as refrigerants. This type of refrigeration is based on the phenomena of adsorption which is a surface phenomenon in which one is adsorbent and second is adsorbate or refrigerant. Two main types of adsorbents are used, one is physical adsorbent like activated carbon in which the adsorbate/refrigerant is adsorbed on its surface by week Vander Waals forces. This process  is dependent on the surface area of adsorbent. It is said that one gram of activated carbon has an area equal to the area of a tennis yard. The mass of adsorbate/refrigerant adsorbed in this process is very less because of weak Vander Waal forces. The second type of adsorbent is chemical adsorbent like Calcium chloride. When it comes to sorption capacity we use chemical adsorbents. The mass of refrigerant incorporated here could be as high as 1.05 kg/kg salt [2]. But there are two serious concerns with this, one is granular salts have very low thermal conductivity and second is the agglomeration phenomenon. The salts after some cycle s of adsorption and desorption it undergoes it swells, compacts and agglomerates, which leads to drastic reduction of the surface area and ultimately reduces the adsorption capacity. Wang et al. [3] mixed activated carbon with calcium chloride salt which overcame the phenomenon of agglomeration and observed a constant adsorption capacity. Lu et al. [4] observed specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c cooling power ranging from 111.2 to 865.8 W/kg using adsorption ice maker. Vasiliev et al. [5] used carbon fiber with calcium chloride and reported to have increased heat and mass transfer phenomena and overcome agglomeration. Later Mauran et al. patented a process to make impregnated consolidate blocks of calcium chloride and activated carbon. Han and Lee [6] found the thermal conductivity of different salts impregnated in expanded graphite blocks and measured values close to 50 W m-1 K-1 when the amount of expanded graphite was 70%. Ammonia is used as refrigerant and the process of chemisorption is governed the following two basic equations. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CaCl2.2NH3+2NH3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CaCl2.4NH3 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CaCl2.4NH3+4NH3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CaCl2.8NH3 This process of impregnation of calcium chloride on the surface of activated carbon not only ensures uniform distribution of calcium chloride on the surface of activated carbon but also avoids agglomeration over many synthesis cycles. Balat and Spinner [7] reported that the texture of expanded graphite favors the mass transfer of the adsorbate/refrigerant which leads to improved kinetics when activated carbon combined with a salt is used in the chemisorption system. Experimental Setup and Results: The following steps were performed during formation of composites blocks of calcium chloride and activated carbon: Heat treatment of calcium chloride and activated carbon, Making solution of water and calcium chloride and mixing it with expanded graphite, Impregnation of calcium chloride in expanded graphite Calcination of hydrated calcium chloride into calcium chloride, Grinding of the dried impregnated mixture of calcium chloride and activated carbon and finally formation of consolidated blocks from powder obtained from grinding. Heat treatment of carbon: In the experiment performed by Wang et al [6] the expanded graphite is heated at the temperature of 300oC. But according to Han et al the temperature of the heat treatment influences the degree of expansion and these authors stressed on the importance of expanded graphite at temperature higher than 600oC to ensure a proper expansion. Han and his co-worker [9] also noted that the graphite expanded at temperatures above 700oC had the lowest densities and at least twice the porosity of expanded graphite treated at 500oC. The expanded graphite used has the chemical composition given in table. The heat treatment of carbon powders was carried out to increase its porosity and to remove the contaminants from the carbon powders. Carbon powders were placed in container and placed in an electric oven at 100oC for 7 hours in order to remove the moisture contents contained in it. 2kg of carbon powders were placed in two separate aluminum vessels in the oven at 100oC for 7 hours. After this it is placed in desiccators to avoid absorption of moisture contents till the start of the second process. In the last step heat the carbon powders obtained from the first step in vacuum at 700oC in a tube furnace for a dwell time of 14 minutes. Procedure: Put small amount of carbon powders in blind stainless steel tube of diameter 1.5 inches and length 15 inches and press them with a rammer so that the tube can hold a maximum amount of carbon powders. After placing the carbon powders in the tube seal the open end of the pipe with wire gauze with †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ mesh and cotton cloth in order to prevent sucking of carbon powder by vacuum pump connected through a plate at the open end, tight the end cap of the tube to avoid infiltration of air into the tube. If air enters the tube in the heating process underway simply oxidation of the powder takes place. Then Place the tube in the tube furnace and connect it with the vacuum pump to remove the air entrapped in the tube and any other residual gases produce during heating of carbon powders. In the experiment by Wang et al. [2] expansion of graphite above 700 C has no significant effect on the reduction of the density of activated carbon also Hans [3] and coworkers shows that carbon expande d at a temperature of 700 C has lowest density and twice the porosity as compared to expansion at 500 C, so the temperature of the furnace is set at 700 oC giving a ramp rate of 10 oC/minute. When the temperature of the furnace reached 700 oC we set the machine at a dwell time of 14 minutes in order for carbon powder to undergo full expansion. After that the furnace was turned off and the tube was allowed to cool down. When the furnace cools down remove the carbon powders from the tube and stored it in a desiccator. The furnace takes one and a half hour to reach 700oC and 2 hours for cooling the tube as a result this process took us a lot of time. About 150 grams of carbon powder were expanded in a single run. This process was repeated until a total mass of 2.4 kilograms of expanded graphite was obtained. Tube used for holding the carbon powder in tube furnace: A tube was designed to hold the carbon powders in the tube furnace. The tube was made of stainless steel which can withstand high temperature of the tube furnace. A metal plate is welded to one end of the pipe to permanently close one side of the pipe and the other end was left open for pouring the powders into the tube. A cap was made to seal the open end of the pipe after filling with the carbon powders. The cap has an extension pipe for connecting the tube with the vacuum pump. A 300 grid mesh was used before the cap and cotton cloth was also applied to avoid the suction of carbon powders into the vacuum pump. The cap itself is made of two metal plates. One plate has a groove of 3 mm depth and a diameter equal to the pipe diameter which holds the tube in place. The two plates were bolted with each other through four nuts and bolts. The specifications of the tube are given below; Total length30 in Diameter of tube1.5 in Volume of tube0.000376m3 Density of carbon450 kg/m3 Mass of carbon0.1693 kg Table.2 dimensions of vacuum tube Heating of calcium chloride: Heat treatment of calcium chlorides was also carried out remove the moisture content and any contaminants in it. 2. Experimental procedure: The following steps are carried out during the heat treatment of the calcium chloride. Since calcium chloride salt is very hygroscopic in nature and it absorb moisture very easily. Put 4kg of calcium chloride salt in stainless steel vessels and covered the mouths of the vessels with aluminum foils. Small holes were made in aluminum foil for the moistures and gases to escape out of the vessels. These vessels were then placed in an oven at a temperature of 100oC for 10 hours to remove the moisture contents out of the calcium chloride salt. After heating calcium chloride salt at 100oC. It is then placed in desiccators to avoid the absorption of moisture by the salt until next step. Preparation of solution of calcium chloride and activated carbon using distilled water: After the heat treatment of calcium chloride and activated carbon 60% salt solution of calcium chloride in distilled water is prepared. 4kg of calcium chloride and about 7 liters of distilled water was used for making solution. Activated carbon is then stirred thoroughly in bottle and poured into the solution of calcium chloride salt and stirred for some time for uniform mixture. Based on the result of Wang et al. [6] best performance is shown when calcium chloride and expanded graphite are mixed in the ratio of 4:1. Figure: 60% solution of calcium chloride and water Figure: mixture of solution of calcium chloride and activated carbon Impregnation of calcium chloride in expanded graphite: The solution is then dried for 10 hour at 110 0C in an electric oven to remove free water and allow Impregnation of calcium chloride in expanded graphite. This figure shows the final shape of uniform mixture of activated carbon and calcium chloride salt when it loses all water in an electric oven. Calcination of hydrated calcium chloride into anhydrous calcium chloride: After impregnation of calcium chloride on the surface of expanded graphite the solution is again heated in an oven at 250oC for 7 hours [] to calcinate the calcium chloride as a result the hydrated calcium chloride become anhydrous. CaCl2.nH2O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CaCl2 + nH2O Grinding When the solution is dried and dehydrated in the electric oven the mixture is grinded in the grinding machine to make fine powder of the composite materials. The fine powders are then placed in desiccators in order to avoid the absorption of moistures by the powders until the next process. Die used for making consolidated blocks: In order to compress the obtained the powder above under pressure of 10 MPa using UTM it is placed in the mold shown below. The die consists of a cylindrical tube, a piston, a metal plate at the bottom of cylindrical tube and stainless steel rod. The cylindrical tube, metal plate and piston is made of mild steel. Graining of piston and cylindrical tube is done to make the surface smother so that block would not stuck in it after compression under immense pressure. No binder was used in the compaction of powder into consolidate blocks. Specification of cylinder are given below Thickness of cylindrical tube is 5mm and its height is 152.4 mm. Internal diameter is 50 mm. Specification of piston are given below Height is 15 in Diameter of piston is 49mm The piston having a hole at its center is lengthwise whose inner diameter is 15 mm. Figure: Die for making consolidated blocks of calcium chloride and activated carbon Consolidate blocks Formation: To make hollow cylinder of obtained powder under UTM following steps were followed. The resulted powder (impregnated with calcium chloride) are poured into the cylindrical part of the die through funnel, then a piston is placed on the top and a small load is applied manually to make the powder a bit compressed. The die is fitted in a UTM and pressed under 10MPa of load. [10] Figure: composite blocks of calcium chloride and activated carbon The composite blocks are placed inside the test unit, experiments were performed and test results were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: EPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR CHARGING Charging of ammonia required great care because it is very dangerous and can cause blindness and even death when come in contact with human. Therefore during charging great care should be taken and all the safety rules must be followed. Before charging ammonia make sure that entire setup is leak proof and there is no leakage during charging or after charging. Compressor is connected to the generator line and whole system is evacuated from air and its noted that either vacuum is created or not by taking reading through pressure gauges attached to generator line. By performing these entire tests and conforming that no leakage is present the system is passed through the following steps. s.no.Initial pressure before chargingFinal pressure after chargingTime taken until  Ã‚   0 barMass adsorbed 1st run-1 bar6.0 bar25 min600 grams 2nd 0 bar7.0 bar39 min700 grams 3rd 0.4 bar8.0 bar30 min500 grams 4th 0.5 bar10 bar49 min750 grams 1.First of all generator line is heated for 3 hours at 100oC with the vacuum pump connected to remove the gases adsorbed in the adsorbent. This process is called degasing. 2.Secondly the system is evacuated using vacuum pump and it is placed idle for 30 minutes to find out whether any leakage is occurring or not. 3.   After the system is evacuated the compressor along with all plumbing is detached from generator line and ammonia charging hose is placed in place and tight fit is ensured. 4. Then charging line is connected with ammonia cylinder. The valve pipe connecting the ammonia tank and generator line is supplied with a manual valve. Initially the valve is opened slowly to flood the ammonia into the generator line, the pressure inside the generator line starts increasing. As ammonia starts adsorbing inside the pipe the pressured reduces while the manual valve is opened and closed at the succession of the processes. 5. After charging the system is closed using manual value to stop the further flow of ammonia and wait until the pressure in the system reduces due to adsorption of ammonia in the adsorbent material. 6.When the pressure reaches its minimum level the system is charged with ammonia again and wait until the pressure in the generator line decreases. 7.This process is repeated until 2.4kg of ammonia is charged into the system. The experimental data achieved during charging of the system is given in table given The total amount of ammonia charged into the system was about 2.4 kg. The mass of ammonia was find out using digital scale. The generator line is placed on the scale and mass is noted before and after charging. In this way mass of ammonia adsorbed is find out. CONCLUSIONS: The powders were successfully activated using available research facility. Impregnation of calcium chloride on the surface of activated carbon greatly enhances its ammonia carrying capacity and adsorption rate. The phenomena of agglomeration and swelling as depicted by literature survey was completely overcome and heat and mass transfer was efficiently enhanced. Because no binder was used in the blocks so blocks were made under relatively high compression using UTM. References: [1] E.E. Anyanwu, Environmental pollution: restructuring the refrigeration Industry as a way out, Int. J. Environ. Protect Eng. (2000). [2] Wang LW, Wang RZ, Wu JY, Wang K, Wang SG. Adsorption ice makers for à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ shing boats driven by the exhaust heat from diesel engine: choice of adsorption pair. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45: 2043-57. [3].R.G. Oliveira*, R.Z. Wang1, C. Wang , Evaluation of the cooling performance of a consolidated expanded graphite calcium chloride reactive bed for chemisorption icemaker, International Journal of Refrigeration 30 (2007) 103e1122 R.G. Oliveira *, R.Z. Wang, A consolidated calcium chloride-expanded graphite compound for use in sorption refrigeration systems: Carbon 45 (2007) 390-3963 [4] Lu ZS, Wang RZ, Wang LW, Chen CJ. Performance analysis of an Adsorption refrigerator using activated carbon in a compound adsorbent. Carbon 2006; 44(4):747-52. [5] Vasiliev LL, Mishkinis DA, Antukh AA, Vasiliev LL. A solar and electrical solid sorption refrigerator. Int J Therm Sci 1999; 38(3):220-7. [6] Composite adsorbent of CaCl2 and expanded graphite for adsorption ice maker on fishing boats K. Wang, J.Y. Wu, R.Z. Wang, L.W. Wang Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China August 2005 [7] M. Balat, B. Spinner, Optimization of a chemical heat pump energetic density and power, Heat Recov. Syst. CHP 13 (3) (1993) 277e285. [8] Spinner B. Ammonia-based thermochemical transformers. Heat Recov Syst CHP 1993; 13(4):301-7. [9] Han JH, Cho KW, Lee KH, Kim H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 1998; 36(12):1801-10. [10] A consolidated calcium chloride-expanded graphite compound for use in sorption refrigeration systems R.G. Oliveira, R.Z. Wang. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2006.

Directors file for the new production of An Inspector Calls :: Drama

Directors file for the new production of an Inspector Calls Cast List - all these people I have chosen for the following parts are because they identify with the characters as well as the reasons I have said. ====================================================================== Inspector Goole = Anthony Hopkins --------------------------------- I thought quite carefully about who would be most suitable for this part as I think it is very important that the actor playing this part can manage put out a certain impression of solidity and purposefulness have a strong and almost hypnotic power over the other characters and also the audience. The inspector is probably the hardest character to portray excellently and I think that Anthony Hopkins would suit the part perfectly as he can do the things that the inspector does, such as give a character a certain power and a mysterious feel. I imagine the inspector to be very similar to 'Hannibal Lector' from 'Silence of the Lambs, which Anthony Hopkins played. From previous parts that Anthony Hopkins has acted I know he can manage to have complete control over situations and people and brings a very unsettling feeling with him which is exactly how he would have to go about to give the presence the Inspector would. The main thing that Anthony Hopkins would have to try and do, would be to give the Inspector all these characteristics without making it look like he was even trying, and I think this is very important. The inspector always knows exactly what he's doing and uses no effort in trying to do it. Anthony Hopkins would have to speak with no emotion, almost in a monotone voice and have those cold eyes, which stare very deliberately and disconcertingly and give a very uncomfortable feeling, most of these I think Anthony.H would be able to do. He would have to speak with a posh English accent because the Inspector Arthur Birling = Jim Broadbent ------------------------------ For this part I chose Jim Broadbent partly because I have seem him act many different parts so I know he could carry off any part, but mainly because of his part in Moulin Rouge was very similar to Mr. Birling. I imagine Mr. Birling to have quite a large belly, a beard and to be very loud and jolly at the beginning but to then to change to an arrogant, proud and stubborn man. Even though Jim Broadbent matches the description he would have to work a lot harder on matching the character and personality. He would need to give Mr Birling a very loud booming voice and a very over the top exaggerated character. He would have to concentrate on making sure that Mr Birling came across

Piotr Ilytich Tchaikovsky’s “1812” Essay

Composed by internationally-known classical musician, Piotr Ilytch Tchaikovsky, the classical music piece â€Å"1812 Overture in E Flat Major, Op. 49†, reflects the French invasion in Russia which was never victorious. With its full title, â€Å"The Year 1812,† Op. 49; French Ouverture Solonelle), the classical music also implies the withdrawal of Napoleon in 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The musical elements in the composition display some underlying themes which made it more interesting: tone, rhythm, harmony, and form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tone uniquely displayed the varying pitch all through out the musical piece. This is manifested by the high pitch and low pitch that could be observed in the piece. The combination of the different pitches made the musical piece interesting to listen to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, another interesting about the musical elements present in the composition is its rhythm. Tchaikovsky used unique sound representations in the composition, some of which are the horns and the firing of the cannons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another musical element is harmony. Despite the different pitches and rhythm present in the piece, the harmony of the musical notes and instruments that are used appear to be in agreement with each other; no â€Å"out-of-place† tunes could be observed, I think.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, the form of the musical piece is also worth noting. The form which tells about the over-all structure of the musical composition is also outstanding. The combination of the musical notes, tempo, tone, and the other elements came out smoothly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the 1812 Overture became known for its â€Å"real cannon fire† effects when it is performed live in outdoor events. Meanwhile, if the performance has to be done indoor, the orchestras use sounds representing the cannon fire through computer-generated sounds. Tchaikovsky entered the St. Petersburg Conservatory where he realized his true calling in the field of music. After some years, he later moved to another conservatory where he met a group of Russian composers. Those Russians were known to be nationalist which somewhat inspired Tchaikovsky in his second symphony entitled, The Little Russian. Being known as not sufficiently Russian and â€Å"cosmopolitan,† he was later rejected by this group. In 1880, Nicholas Rubenstein, Peter Illych Tchaikovsky’s mentor, suggested to Peter that a striking celebratory piece should be composed for festivities. The piece was to be presented in the square near the cathedral, with the accompaniment of a magnificent orchestra, cathedral bells and live cannon fire to attain the exactness stipulated by the musical score in which every shot was written exclusively (Lampson, 1999). Reference: Lampson, D. (1999). Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky.  Ã‚   Retrieved April 12, 2007, from http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/tchaikov/1812.html

Bristol Beaufighter in World War II

Bristol Beaufighter in World War II General Specifications: Length:  41  ft., 4  in.Wingspan:  57  ft., 10  in.Height:  15  ft., 10  in.Wing Area:  503  sq. ft.Empty Weight:  15,592  lbs.Max Takeoff Weight:  25,400  lbs.Crew:  2 Performance: Maximum Speed:  320  mphRange:  1,750  milesService Ceiling:  19,000  ft.Power Plant:  Ã‚  2 Ãâ€"  Bristol Hercules  14-cylinder  radial engines, 1,600 hp each Armament: 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm  Hispano Mk III cannon4 Ãâ€" .303 in.  Browning machine guns  (outer starboard wing)2 Ãâ€" .303 in.  machine gun (outer port wing)8 Ãâ€"  RP-3 rockets  or  2Ãâ€" 1,000 lb.  bombs Design and Development In 1938, Bristol Aeroplane Company approached the Air Ministry with a proposal for a twin-engine, cannon-armed heavy fighter based on its Beaufort torpedo bomber which was then entering production.  Intrigued by this offer due to development problems with the Westland Whirlwind, the Air Ministry asked Bristol to pursue design of a new aircraft armed with four cannons.  To make this request official, Specification F.11/37 was issued calling for a twin-engine, two-seat, day/night fighter/ground support aircraft.  It was expected that the design and development process would be expedited as the fighter would utilize many of the Beauforts features. While the Beauforts performance was adequate for a torpedo bomber, Bristol recognized the need for improvement if the aircraft was to serve as a fighter.  As a result, the Beauforts Taurus engines were removed and replaced with the more powerful Hercules model.  Though the Beauforts aft fuselage section, control surfaces, wings, and landing gear were retained, the forward parts of the fuselage were heavily redesigned.  This was due to the need to mount the Hercules engines on longer, more flexible struts which shifted the aircrafts center of gravity.  To rectify this issue, the forward fuselage was shortened.  This proved a simple fix as the Beauforts bomb bay was eliminated as was the bombardiers seat.   Dubbed the Beaufighter, the new aircraft mounted four 20  mm Hispano Mk III cannons in the lower fuselage and six  .303 in. Browning machine guns in the wings.  Due to the location of the landing light, the machines guns were situated with four in the starboard wing and two in the port.  Using a two-man crew, the Beaufighter placed the pilot forward while a navigator/radar operator sat further aft.  Construction of a prototype commenced by using parts from an unfinished Beaufort.  Though it was expected that the prototype could be built quickly, the necessary redesign of the forward fuselage led to delays.  As a result, the first Beaufighter flew on July 17, 1939. Production Pleased with the initial design, the Air Ministry ordered 300 Beaufighters two weeks before the prototypes maiden flight.  Though a bit heavy and slower than hoped, the design was available for production when Britain entered World War II that September.  With the beginning of hostilities, orders for the Beaufighter increased, which led to a shortage of Hercules engines.  As a result, experiments began in February 1940 to equip the aircraft with the Rolls-Royce Merlin.  This proved successful and the techniques employed were used when the Merlin was installed on the Avro Lancaster.  During the course of the war, 5,928 Beaufighters were constructed at plants in Britain and Australia. During its production run, the Beaufighter moved through numerous marks and variants.  These generally saw alterations to the types power plant, armament, and equipment.  Of these, the TF Mark X proved the most numerous at 2,231 built.  Equipped to carry torpedoes in addition to its regular armament, the TF Mk X earned the nickname Torbeau and was also capable of carrying RP-3 rockets.  Other marks were specially-equipped for night fighting or ground attack. Operational History  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Entering service September 1940, the Beaufighter quickly became the Royal Air Forces most effective night fighter.  Though not intended for this role, its arrival coincided with the development of airborne interception radar sets.  Mounted in the Beaufighters large fuselage, this equipment allowed the aircraft to provide a solid defense against German night bombing raids in 1941.  Like the German Messerschmitt Bf 110, the Beaufighter unintentionally remained in the night fighter role for much of the war and was used by both the RAF and US Army Air Forces.  In the RAF, it was later replaced by radar-equipped De Havilland Mosquitoes while the USAAF later supplanted Beaufighter night fighters with the Northrop P-61 Black Widow. Used in all theaters by Allied forces, the Beaufighter quickly proved adept at conducting low-level strike and anti-shipping missions.  As a result, it was widely employed by Coastal Command to attack German and Italian shipping.  Working in concert, Beaufighters would strafe enemy ships with their cannons and guns to suppress anti-aircraft fire while torpedo-equipped aircraft would strike from low altitude.  The aircraft fulfilled a similar role in the Pacific and, while operating in conjunction with American A-20 Bostons and B-25 Mitchells, played a key role in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943.  Renowned for its ruggedness and reliability, the Beaufighter remained in use by Allied forces through the end of the war. Retained after the conflict, some RAF Beaufighters saw brief service in the Greek Civil War in 1946 while many were converted for use as target tugs.  The last aircraft left RAF service in 1960.  During the course of its career, the Beaufighter flew in the air forces of numerous countries including Australia, Canada, Israel, Dominican Republic, Norway, Portugal, and South Africa.

Sissy and Louisa Essays

Sissy and Louisa Essays Sissy and Louisa Paper Sissy and Louisa Paper During the course of Book one, Dickens introduces us to both Sissy and Louisa. He presents them very differently and therefore immediately gives us a sense of their contrasting values. From this Book, we learn much about both characters and it is made clear that due to their different upbringings they have very different views on life. Even from the outset of the novel Sissy is identified with a heavenly light and her dark-eyed and dark-haired nature appeared to give her a lustrous colour from the sun. This suggests that she is at her best when surrounded by warmth and love. Dickens emphasises Sissys uniqueness when he says that only she, out of all the class is irradiated by the ray of sunlight. This shows that Sissy is different from all the members of her class and enables the reader to see her, for the first time, as the angelic character that she is. Louisa, being one of Thomas Gradgrinds children, has clearly had a very different upbringing to that of Sissy. She is first seen curiously peeping with all her might at the goings-on at the horse-riding performance. Her action is symbolic of her yearning to experience more than the hard scientific facts she has learnt all her life. She claims to have been tired a long time of her life devoid of emotions and the fact that she instinctively seeks romance and laughter when all she has known are theories and statistics, shows that she is viewed by Dickens as a pathetic product of her fathers philosophy. The entry of Sissy into the Gradgrind household proves to be an influential factor in the eventual resolution of repressive situations in this novel. Sissy represents what the Gradgrind children could have been without their fathers strict confinements. She is innocent, with an inviolable capacity for Fancy. Even when living under Gradgrinds constant onslaught of Fact, the upbringing that finds his children to be repressed is never enough to deny her childish personality. Louisa develops a childhood relationship with Sissy, cultivating her need for Fancy in small steps. Sissy clearly represents everything that is suppressed within Louisa. It is Sissy who begins to enlighten her of the wonders of emotions, thus highlighting Louisas lack of them beforehand. Unlike Sissy, she appears to have no real understanding of love. She asks her father if he asks [her] to love Mr Bounderby, suggesting that she doesnt understand about this emotions and feels it is something that can simply be acquired. Louisa is confined and nai ve. She knows little about life itself and therefore is very interested in Sissys stories. She is especially curious of Sissys relationship with her father, as this is quite alien to her. Sissy had a very loving and tender relationship with her father, who is described to dote upon her. When Sissy leaves her circus family, her departure is a very emotional one and she is clearly very attached to her friends. She feels that to abandon her circus origins will break [her] heart, a concept that Louisa is not familiar with. Sissy comes from a world of music, nature and drama. She has been brought up very differently from Louisa and consequently has been taught to appreciate different things. Whereas Louisa sees important in maths and science, Sissy values her father and his love for her. Sissys animated character and her enthusiasm to learn contrasts greatly with Louisas emotionless vocabulary and jaded, apathetic state of mind. Their differences in upbringing and in life in general, allow them to form a relationship where their contrasting views are shown evermore present. Throughout the first book, we understand that Louisa is clearly fascinated by Sissy different background. When Sissy enters the Gradgrind household she is warned never to speak of her past life, and from constant encouragement by Louisa to disobey her father in this sense, we can understand that she has the potential to appreciate her emotions.

Prostitution and Surrogacy, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prostitution and Surrogacy, - Essay Example The role of religion in surrogate motherhood is best typified by the biblical scenario where barren Sarah (Abraham wife) arranged for Abraham and Hagar (Surrogate mother) to have a child. The surrogate role Hagar played made her proud and pompous to the extent of refusing to hand over the son she had born. Christian apologetic portend that "surrogacy is a personal decision between a couple and God. That God is the moral Arbiter in the universe, whose justification is exactly differentiated on what is immoral or moral". This factor afore mentioned deals with morality, enshrined in ones religion beliefs. The Vatican has condemned surrogacy including all other non conjugal reproductive arrangements as sinful. The Roman Catholic Church states that, this in defense of cardinal human values; implying the threat on the sanctity of the traditional family unit posed by a third party. The financing of a surrogacy to process is quite costly. However the factor that is debatable is the payment of dues to the gestational individuals. That from the onset one may pay to sleep (and sire a child) with a surrogate bring in the version of prostitution. The motive behind the payment made and accepted questions the ultimate goal. Whether it is for love or money The couple and the surrogate are encouraged to share information, to undergo successive therapies and medical checks. The unsettling factor is the probable loss of privacy. The exposure of ones personal details may leave one feeling uncomfortable and vulnerable. Pregnancy has its possible outcomes at birth in the form of miscarriages, multiple births, and serious disabilities. And there is always the risk that either the surrogate mother or the commissioning couple could have a change of mind. The legality of surrogacy Legislation is a measure with regulatory limits that has served in defining extents of surrogate motherhood. The law lacks uniformity in the application of the practice; however different federal jurisdictions distinguish between the concept of unpaid and unpaid surrogacy. The "altruistic" mode of surrogacy involves no payment for the service. On the other hand "commercial" surrogacy has the element of tribute payment. Altruistic surrogacy is, in many jurisdictions, unregulated. On the other hand punitive limits are placed on the commercial one. Advertising of surrogacy is prohibited, to reduce spread of practice. Surrogate contracts are unenforceable; hence surrogate mothers cannot relinquish custody of child to commissioning parents. The status of children Act, denies the bond between child and commissioning sperm donor while espousing the resulting offspring to be that of the surrogate mother and her husband (as legally bound). Successive lawmakers questioned talked of undesirable separation of roles, with a mother who sells her eggs, on who carries baby to term and the one to raise baby. Also most surrogate parents / couples were noted to be in search of specific quality refusing to accept disabled kids. Classic profiles are noted as driving point, with commissioning couples seeking positive eugenics. Surrogates are chosen due to the positive attributes the offer

2-way mixed ANOVA Schizotypy practical report protocol Essay

2-way mixed ANOVA Schizotypy practical report protocol - Essay Example These findings were consistent with the theories put forth that a diagnosis of schizophrenia is made by a high score on deviating from normal emotional indications, as well as the theories that schizophrenics tend to have cognitive deficits with regards to context processing, and not as many cognitive deficits with regards to spatial processing. Schizophrenia is an illness that is characterized by a number of neurocognitive impairments, including impairments in attention, executive functioning, and verbal and non-verbal memory. (Gooding & Braun 261). Failure in logical reasoning is also a hallmark of schizophrenia (Tsanikos 1717), as is emotional disturbance (Yoon et al. 2008). Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is often associated with schizophrenia, and some theories state that schizophrenia and SPD share the same genetic liability, with environmental stressors being a leading cause of SPD turning into schizophrenia. (Olin et al. 93). Research has shown that schizophrenics tend to perform poorly on tasks that involve sustained attention. (Rawlings & Goldberg 2001) (Hoff & Kremen 2003). This would affect the participants, as the spatial reasoning portion of the study was timed, therefore it would be predicted that the higher on the schizotypal scale the participant is, the lower he or she would score on the spatial reasoning scale. Research has also established a positive correlation between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder and emotional disturbance. (Yoon et al. 2008). Yoons study of participants who scored high on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) found a positive correlation for depression, anxiety and anger, and a negative correlation for mood clarity and mood repair. (Yoon et al. 2008). This is backed up by other research. For instance, Kohler (2003) has shown that schizophrenics have difficulty reading facial